Download or read book A Synopsis of American Fossil Bryozoa, Including Bibliography and Synonymy (Classic Reprint) written by John M. Nickles and published by . This book was released on 2015-08-05 with total page 676 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Excerpt from A Synopsis of American Fossil Bryozoa, Including Bibliography and Synonymy Introduction And Acknowledgments. So voluminous has the literature of natural history Become that the workers in any special branch, and the general student as well, feel the need of compilations showing what has been done. This need, keenly felt in our study of the fossil bryozoa, compelled us to begin such a compilation some years ago. This we now place at the service of our fellow-workers with the hope that it may lighten the labors of the systematist and open the way for an enlarged use of the bryozoa in stratigraphy. The bryozoa are generally admitted to be one of the most difficult groups of fossils. They are often of small size and can seldom be determined by the unassisted eye. Their accurate discrimination necessitates tedious study. Few have cared to give this. Because, also, great uncertainty has prevailed as to what constitutes classificatory characters, a large amount of confusion and synonymy cumbers the literature of the subject. Thus the study of the bryozoa has become doubly repellent. The extended investigations of the structure of fossil bryozoa made bY Mr. E. O. Ulrich, following in the lines pioneered By Dr. H. Alleyne Nicholson, have shown that we can not be sure of the position of any form in the scheme of classification until we have learned its internal structure by means of thin sections examined microscopically. This mode of investigation is difficult and tedious, but our studies have convinced us that a knowledge of internal characters is absolutely essential to a correct understanding of phylogeny and systematic position. As but few authors have described the internal structure of their species, and as those who have given descriptions have not always had a clear understanding of what is essential in the appearance presented by thin sections, it is not possible to be sure of the generic placement of a large number of species. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.